Due to its considerable savings in volume, automated storage is increasingly being designed and implemented as a double- or multiple-deep system. One less aisle in the design also means one less stacker crane, which in turns reduces the level of capital expenditure. Recent studies show that even despite the inevitable relocation operations (in the absence of direct access to the bay far from the aisle), double-deep storage can yield higher rates of throughput than single-deep storage.Implementing multi-deep storage places its own special demandson the warehouse management and material flow control system, however, such as: Specialised putaway strategies, to minimise the likelihood of goods relocationReservation of handling units near the aisle for removal, wherever possiblePair formation a